And you can see this manual that's been found all around the world, from hellholes to modern democracies. A Canadian government dismissed the CIAs role as a side issue or red herring; Ottawas Justice Department denied legal responsibility, offering each victim a nugatory $20,000 nuisance payment. From 1939 to 1943 he was professor of neurology and psychiatry at Albany Medical College, and at the Russell Sage School of Nursing, also in the Albany area. in psychological medicine from the University of Glasgow in 1924, a D.P.M. Advertisement. And he put Camerons treatment program under the microscope. Donald Cameron of Lochiel (c.1700 - October 1748), was an influential Highland Clan Chief known for his magnanimous and gallant nature. It's Boston local news in one concise, fun and informative email. In theory, he was supposed to help her anxiety, depression, and postpartum depression. The FBI's FOIA Library contains many files of public interest and historical value. Duncan: I mean, it's very different than the caricature that you sometimes read in the press. Some would bang their heads against the walls relentlessly, trying to get the helmets off and that's when he realized he could just put them back into a medically-induced coma and play the tapes for as long as he wanted. . [30][bettersourceneeded], In 1980, the Canadian investigative news program The Fifth Estate interviewed two former patients of Cameron's who were among several of his ex patients who were at that time suing the CIA for the long term effects of Cameron's treatment. . Amory: Ben and I are in an apartment in Washington D.C. thats bursting with morning light and books, and were flipping through some of our hosts old family photos. Her life was sad. Kinzer: If Cameron had failed to find an effective means of mind control despite carrying out the most reckless experiments, in which he was willing to take any kind of a grotesque step in an effort to find that key, this must have helped feed Gottlieb's conclusion that the whole thing didn't exist. Ben Brock Johnson: So what do you have in front of you here? Because it would seem to me, or I was concerned as a lawyer, that it might be a breach of the patient-doctor privilege. Now, a recent court decision has. Duncan: Oh yes, he enjoyed a good joke even if they were off color. The CBC says the CIA recruited Dr. Ewen Cameron a few years into MKUltra, using the Society for the Investigation of Human Ecology to approach Cameron and tell him that he really, really needed to apply for one of their grants. Duncan: Talking about him, it should be easy, but sometimes it's sort of emotional. The only cure for mental illness, he theorized, was to eliminate its "carriers" from society altogether. These negative statements were sometimes taken from the therapy sessions Cameron conducted when patients first arrived, says Rebecca Lemov, author of "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron." The line between fantasy and reality blurred. He had various people record the tapes sometimes including the patient's loved ones and it was, on the whole, incredibly traumatizing. It petered out in the early 60s as the programs director, Sidney Gottlieb, came to a realization. You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. He recruited psychoanalysts, social psychiatrists and biologists globally to develop the psychiatry program at McGill[12] From its beginning in 1943, the Allan Memorial Institute was run on an "open door" basis, allowing patients to leave if they wished, as opposed to the "closed door" policy of other hospitals in Canada in the early 1940s. He demanded that political systems be watched, and that German people needed to be monitored due to their "personality type", which he claimed results in the conditions that give rise to the dictatorial power of an authoritarian overlord. ", And what about the CIA, who had approved and funded the research in the first place? With the results of the Manhattan project, Cameron feared that without proper re-organization of society, atomic weapons could fall into the hands of new, fearsome aggressors. And he didn't achieve that either. He argued that people with mental illnesses could spread and transmit their diseases. Thank you! [clarification needed] Those Germans affected by the events that led to World War II were of utmost concern. Husband of Marielene Schlumberger. Memorials. Although society had established sanctions against the spread of infectious diseases, Cameron wanted to extend the concept of contagion to chronic anxiety. Though he did visit the Allan Memorial on occasion. Patients were tested in the Radio Telemetry Laboratory, which was built under Cameron's direction. Amory: Marian was 5 years old when her mom was admitted to the Allan for what she thinks was postpartum depression. [28] His work was inspired and paralleled by the psychiatrist William Sargant, who was also involved with the intelligence services and experimented extensively on his patients without their consent, causing similar long-term damage. Amory: Were bringing you the last installment of our special series: Madness The secret mission for mind control and the people who paid the price. Her family sued, first based on the treatment alone, then again, after discovering she was a part of the MKUltra program. He told The Scotsman: "Cameron's entire focus seemed to shift after the Nuremberg Trials. Ben: The main takeaway here is Duncan admitting that he did remove documents pertaining to specific patients, before giving his dads papers to the archives. John Marks observes, Ewen Cameron did not need the CIA to corrupt him. And there some of them were high risk ones. Heres part of Duncans transcript: Duncan (from the transcript): I recall contacting the American Psychiatric Association and asking them if they would have an interest in holding his papers in their archives, and they expressed an interest in doing it. He was always interested in the future. . [14] Hess later confessed that he had faked the amnesia. And in a lot of ways, modern psychiatry has completely left behind the man who once dominated its ranks. Which suggests it was for purposes of, not closure, but of not wanting information to come to light that was in the papers. She was gonna go out there and do something. According to The Guardian, it started with playing tapes designed to tap into the reason the patient sought help in the first place. Ewen Cameron made the hike with Duncans younger brother, James. Cameron began to explore how industrial conditions could satisfy the population through work and what kind of person or worker is best suited to industrial conditions. ", Why MKUltra's Top Brainwashing Scientist Was A Real-Life Nightmare, "Brainwashing's Avatar: The Curious Career of Dr. Ewen Cameron. Duncan: It's really a very moving editorial. Charles Tanny was a former patient of Dr. Donald Ewen Cameron at the Allan Memorial Institute in Montreal in 1957. Jean spent three months under Cameron's care, and spent two periods in a drug-induced coma. Research genealogy for Donald Ewen Cameron of lambeth, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. Operating under the umbrella of MKUltra were as many as 162 sub-projects, with as many as 80 different organizations involved in research. He died of a heart attack while climbing a mountain in the Adirondacks in 1967. Duncan: Thats my recollection, that any documents that related to patients were destroyed. Amory: Theres a reason that all the photos of Ewen Cameron are from more than 50 years ago. As soon as his family found out about his death, they burned all the files that this man kept in his possession. But he has fond childhood memories of summers spent in New Yorks Adirondack Mountains, where his dads competitive nature led him again and again to the line of the horizon. Ben: Sure. In 1936, he moved to Massachusetts to become director of the research division at Worcester State Hospital only 1 year later. Ben: Did you ever get a sense of at least some of the things that he was trying to accomplish while he was at the Allan? In the late 1940s, Cameron presented his ideas in a lecture entitled Dangerous Men and Women. Amory: Sarahs grandmother, Val, sued the CIA forty years ago for supporting Dr. Camerons work at the Allan. At the heart of MKUltra, says The Guardian, was the broadcasting of videos of American POWs from the Korean War condemning their own country and lauding the benefits of Communism. The idea that people needed to sit down and talk about their problems was the old way of doing things, and Cameron was living in an era where things were getting more and more automated. Cameron followed these schools in demanding that mental disturbances are diseases and somatic in nature; all psychological illness would therefore be hardwired, a product of the body and the direct result of a patient's biological structure rather than caused by social environments. Its not a very popular mountain to climb, its steep. He first solved the problem by wiring the speakers into football helmets and locking them onto patients' heads, but that ended up being not ideal. Cameron wrote that mental illness was transmitted generationally; thus, the re-occurrence of mental illness could be stopped by remodeling and expanding existing concepts of marriage suitability, as well as the quarantine of mentally ill individuals from the general population. He was always attracted to these subjects for which there was no easy answer. A possessive type, filled with jealousy and demanding utmost loyalty. It's hardwired into the brain. 5, p. 2227) As a result of the lawsuit, the CIA agreed to pay $750,000, the maximum allowed under U.S. law, to settle a case without conceding liability. And here I am looking much younger than I am now. This third type needs, This page was last edited on 16 February 2023, at 19:10. This was made into a TV mini-series directed by Anne Wheeler in 1998, called The Sleep Room, which also dramatizes the lawsuit of Cameron's ex-patients against the CIA. Jim: But again, you know, the deposition transcript, you're going to have to rely on that, like we did. It is a rare thing that a psychiatrist of his worldwide reputation and capacity should be a resource available to a small mountain community. This must be very difficult, very complicated for them. Duncan: I started work at the State Department just a day or so before Kennedy was assassinated. Through his instruction of nurses and psychiatrists he became an authority in his areas of concentration. Amory: They bounced around between foster homes and orphanages for years, experienced emotional and physical abuse. Cameron's work stopped when she gave birth, and Lloyd remembered a broken mother. After one test he noted: "Although the patient was prepared by both prolonged sensory isolation (35 days) and by repeated depatterning, and although she received 101 days of positive driving, no favourable results were obtained." Advancing Voluntary, Informed Consent to Medical Intervention, Cameron was an internationally prominent psychiatrist who developed torture techniques on his involuntary hospitalized patients mostly women. Sign up and be the first to find out the latest news and articles about what's going on in the medical field. Peterborough County. Allan Cameron. The transcript has been edited from our original script for clarity. [citation needed] He furthermore wanted to understand the problems of memory caused by aging, believing that the aged brain experienced psychosis. We collect and match historical records that Ancestry users have contributed to their family trees to create each person's profile. If we can succeed in inventing means of changing their attitudes and beliefs, we shall find ourselves in possession of measures which, if wisely used, may be employed in freeing ourselves from their attitudes and beliefs in other fields which have greatly contributed to the instability of our period by their propensity for holding up progress, In Cameron's book Life is For Living, published in 1948, he expressed a concern for the German race in general. Ben: Which brings us back to a question that no one can answer why did Dr. Cameron do what he did? He also organized the structure of mental health services in the western half of the province, establishing 10 functioning clinics; this model was used as the blueprint for similar efforts in Montreal and a forerunner of 1960s community health models. This personality type poses a danger to those closest to them, especially children. Amory: Duncan knows how to be very careful about what he says. I wasnt destroying documents. Don't worry, it gets worse. in psychological medicine from the University of Glasgow in 1924, a D.P.M. [37], Whether or not Cameron was aware that funding for his experiments was coming from the CIA is unclear; it has been argued that he would have carried out the exact same experiments if funding had come from a source without ulterior motives. Particularly because we put that question to him today. Kinzer: Later on, it became the basis for manuals that the CIA provided in the 1980s to police forces in Latin America that were known to practice torture. Psychiatric experimentation: the lessons or history, The Journal of the California Alliance for the Mentally Ill, 1994, Vol. She very slowly recovered mostly and died in 2017. In his analysis, culture and society played a crucial role in the ability for one to function according to the demands necessary for human survival. Our username is. And I think you have, as much as love that you had for him you also had respect for him. His support of Charles Edward Stuart was instrumental in the Jacobite Rising of 1745 Lochiel and the Jacobite cause [39], Social and intrapsychic behaviour analysis, Cameron and Freud: civilization and discontents. Harvey: Here he is trying to reach the peak, trying to climb the mountain, reach this goal. Cameron wanted to build an inventive psychiatric institution to determine rapid ways for societal control while demanding a psychological economy that did not center itself around guilt and guilt complexes. He received an M.B., Ch.B. Did it work? Theres no clear approach to the summit only overgrown pathways. I mean, he was fascinated with the future in his own field of psychiatry, medicine and government. You can buy the full book for only . Amory: Immortal Technique is rapping about it: Ben: But for those who have had to deal with the fallout of MK-ULTRA on a personal level, the fact that the program rarely gets discussed outside the realm of pop culture can feel discouraging. Despite the horrific abuse, the American and Canadian psychiatric establishment closed ranks. Finally, while the person is in isolated confinement, in LSD altered states of consciousness, and deprived of sensory stimulation, adequate food, water, and oxygen, the subject would be bombarded by psychic driving by use of a football helmet clamped to the head with taped messages played for hours non-stop up to a half-million times, messages such as my mother hates me. (McCoy, 2007). These became the basis of a new social and behavioural science that he would later institute through his presidencies of the Canadian, American and World Psychiatric Associations, the American Psychopathological Association and the Society of Biological Psychiatry. Amory: The study, which was published a few months before Cameron died, found that Camerons methods exposed his patients to unnecessary risk, and that there was no clinical proof his methods were any more effective than standard forms of treatment. [27] Such consequences included incontinence, amnesia, forgetting how to talk, forgetting their parents, and thinking their interrogators were their parents. And you can get a real sense of your own, where you are in the world. Amory: Sarah Anne Johnson, whose grandmother Val Orlikow was a patient of Ewen Camerons, has a response to Duncan that, considering what her family has been through as a result of his fathers experimentation, is surprising. In his analysis, German culture was made up of people who had the need for status, worshipped strict order and regimentation, desired authoritarian leadership and had a deeply ingrained fear of other countries. Not, at least, until well into 1965, months after they were told to end the experiments. It describes various personalities that he believed were of marked danger to all members of society. It is at this juncture that he became interested with how he could effectively manipulate the brain to control and understand the processes of memory. Amory: With the information we do have about Cameron, we know this: his so-called treatment didnt cure mental illness, and it didnt control peoples minds. She was left with permanent impairments: She was unable to recognize faces, had impaired spatial recognition, and lost a good portion of her memory. Heres journalist John Marks. After his mother confirmed that yes, there were 12 boxes of papers that her sons both lawyers said she probably shouldn't share, Duncan revealed that he had gone through and taken out "several papers" that identified "a particular patient." His occupation was occupation. Stephen: So they created a manual, which basically was for intelligence personnel. The insecure man "They are the driven crowds that makes the army of the authoritarian overlord; they are the stuffing of conservatism mediocrity is their god. That could be heightened with various drugs, eventually was replaced by positive messages, and the so-called "psychic driving" would continue. And they found his work next to worthless. . He never got one. The U.S. wanted to know just how such a thing could possibly happen, and Dr. Ewen Cameron had a theory: brainwashing. A notoriously tough climb, he did it with his son James, and when he got to the top, he had a heart attack and died almost instantly. Like Freud, Cameron maintained that the family was the nucleus of social behavior and anxieties later in life were spawned during childhood. He promoted a philosophy where chaos could be prevented by removing the weak from society. [citation needed]. Ian Donald Cameron is geboren in het jaar 1932 in Blairmore House, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, zoon van Ewen Donald CAMERON en Enid Agnes Maud LEVITA. She had no idea how to boil water, much less care for a child. Ben: Perhapsthis is Dr. Cameron's most enduring legacy. By literally wiping the minds of his subjects clean by depatterning and then trying to program in new behavior, Cameron carried the process known as brainwashing to its logical extreme., The dehumanizing nature of his methods were published in premier medical journals without any complaints from other psychiatrists; Cameron read papers about depatterning with electroshock before meetings of his fellow psychiatrists; and they rewarded him, electing him president of the American, Canadian, and World Psychiatric Associations. [38], Cameron died of a heart attack while hiking with his son in the Adirondack Mountains on September 8, 1967. In 1951 a few years before the U.S. government and the CIA approved MKUltra there was a top secret meeting held at Montreal's Ritz-Carlton. That's absolutely the stuff of a terrifying Netflix horror series, but it was very real and it destroyed an unknown number of lives. And he was a fast driver. You can see other fellow humans. Its in the Netflix show, Stranger Things: Amory: Or the hit video game Call of Duty: Ben: They're talking about it on The West Wing:C.J. with distinction from the University of Glasgow in 1936. The last generation of Holocaust survivors and their children express their concerns about current events A Five-Part, FDA Advisory Panel & CDC Director are Complicit in Sacrificing Childrens Lives to Protect Pfizer from Liability, Copyright 2023 Alliance for Human Research Protection, 1950s1960s: Dr. Ewen Cameron Destroyed Minds at Allan Memorial Hospital in Montreal, Law and Mind Control Mind Control Through Five Cases, Vera Sharavs documentary Never Again is Now Global now available. And here he is with me many years ago. Even as he wrote about Cameron's "warmth [which was] never allowed to appear as intimacy," he wrote about a pretty big blind spot: Cameron had apparently hired a few assistants with "psychopathic personalities.". Cameron would analyze what conditions produced the stronger worker, what would be the necessary conditions to replicate this personality and to reward the stronger while disciplining the weaker. We encourage you to research and examine these records . She never did get her children back. Research genealogy for donald ewen Cameron of Melbourne, Victoria, as well as other members of the Cameron family, on Ancestry. Their diagnosis was amnesia and hysteria, per a short commentary in the Journal of the American Medical Association. You know, my job was to look out for the cops. Ben: Her dad couldnt afford childcare, so soon after Marians mother went into the Allan, social services took Marian and her two younger brothers away because there was no parent to take care of them. Care of his patients went to his assistants, and here's where things get even weirder. There must have been records of experiments. Psychiatry would play a disciplinary role. [5], Cameron was involved in administering electroconvulsive therapy and experimental drugs, including poisons such as curare and hallucinogens such as lysergic acid diethylamide, to patients and prisoners without their knowledge or informed consent. Any documents that related to patient treatment were destroyed? The behaviour of a mental patient could resemble the behaviour of a patient with, for example, syphilis, and then a somatic cause could be deduced for a psychological illness. Ontario. We want to hear from you! And, until theres true accountability for what happened and what is still happening, it never will be. Ewen passed away on month day 1915, at age 84 at death place. [1] In papers published during this time he linked RNA to memory. Those who are privileged to know him, even briefly, will not soon forget the warmth and kindliness of this understanding man.. Cameron quickly found patients didn't want to listen to the messages. Therefore, society should function to select out the weak and unwanted, those apt towards fearsome aggression that threatened society. Joseph Rauh Jr. was one of the attorneys that represented the group who filed lawsuits in the mid-1980s. And in that he took some risks, obviously. And he has a much different memory of how it all went down. Ben: He looks like hes having a good time. He began his career as resident surgeon at Glasgow Infirmary, but in 1929 moved . In the late 1940s and early 1950s, Cameron continued his work on memory and its relationship to aging. Cameron began to base some of his notions on race, as is seen in his theories regarding the German people. This is Part 5. In other words, torture. Toby Ziegler:In the '50s, it was the CIA mind control research program begun in response to the Chinese attempt on U.S. prisoners. father. Not all the time, but it's always there. , per a short commentary in the late 1940s, Cameron continued his work on memory and relationship! 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