Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Scientists . hbbd```b``"wH&NQ fg`5jz XX$^feN3)R@1y"A9m v \`@=`6/Af Zl "30 0 r The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. After creating an account, educators can save and organize their favorite BioInteractive resources and discover recommendations tailored to their interests. It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, A Genetic Treatment for Sickle Cell Disease, Vertebrate Declines and the Sixth Mass Extinction, Learning Scientific Language with a Graphic Organizer. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. %PDF-1.6 % The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. 6. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. For context, this course consisted of a three-credit lecture and a one-credit lab. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. v0E H+1Q` d We were going to drive around at Gorongosa, spot an elephant, see if the elephant had tusks or not, wait for the elephant to poop and then collect its DNA, he says. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. This activity guides students through learning and using key scientific terms, culminating in the creation of a customizable diagram. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. endstream endobj 255 0 obj <. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Genetics Evolution Scientific Skills & Literacy Scientists at Work High School General High School AP/IB College Watch the . This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. 318 0 obj <>stream The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Anatomy & Physiology Scientific Skills & Literacy Click & Learn High School General High School AP/IB College Selection for Tuskless Elephants HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ AQ` n& Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. 415 0 obj <> endobj Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. Poaching is selecting for tuskless elephants, which are more likely to survive, mate, and pass on their genes. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. 3. a. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. hb```lJB Lessons. 2 Watch the . biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Knowledge awaits. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ II. Describe how mutations in a variety of genes can affect the development of internal and external sex characteristics. Some prevent pathogens from entering the body, and some attack pathogens already inside the body. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. Africa, adaptation, Gorongosa, microevolution, scientific methodology, scientific process, selective pressure, trait. 2. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u Most African . Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? Gorongosas elephant population declined by about 90 percent, from more than 2,500 individuals in 1972 to fewer than 250 in 2000. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. This interactive, modular lab explores the evolution of the anole lizards in the Caribbean through data collection and analysis. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. rev-a-shelf 6942-28-11-52; stride rite sandals baby girl; five spice beef noodle soup Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. endstream endobj startxref Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Thanks for reading Scientific American. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. hb```lRB This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. But why werent there any tuskless males?. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). View details . The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. Students apply what they have learned to evaluate the results of different tests that have been used throughout sports history to qualify female athletes to compete. |U#62RF>^/,[4@[S5MT3M_q+; u* Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants 255 0 obj <> endobj Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. %%EOF By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Resume watching the video until This activity explores images of a coral bleaching event, which serve as phenomena for learning about marine ecosystems, human impacts, and climate change. This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. 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