16. As with every research method, there are pros and cons. No distractions They are easy to administer and manage. Semi-structured interviews: A few questions are predetermined, but other questions aren't planned. That is, the analyst may not be able to produce the required questions, and hence the required results cannot be achieved. Scribbr. A structured interview is a quantitative research method where the interviewer a set of prepared closed-ended questions in the form of an interview schedule, which he/she reads out exactly as worded.. But also disadvantages such as respondents with their own agenda and a possible lack of personalization. Time taking if respondents are careless and lazy. How to Answer, They have a definite and concrete questions. A questionnaire can be placed on your website or emailed to your customers. We suggest a limit of 10 questions for online surveys. If you disable this cookie, we will not be able to save your preferences. Advantages of Open-Ended Questions The advantages of open-ended questions are that they gather opinions and thoughts from respondents, offering much deeper, more thorough, often subjective information. 12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of semi-structured interviews? They are conducted using an interview questionnaire or schedule comprised of predetermined or scheduled primary questions or question stems, followed by subquestions or "probes." This website uses Google Analytics to collect anonymous information such as the number of visitors to the site, and the most popular pages. 17. As active listening is an essential skill to a quality SSI, it is not ideal to conduct grouped SSI . However, since they are efficient, cost-effective in nature and have an easy mode of delivery, there is no harm in creating multiple questionnaires, each covering a subtopic of the main subject, that build upon one another. They can and should be used to strike up a conversation. Open-ended questions are difficult to analyse. In terms of questionnaire translation for multi-national, multi-cultural and multi-regional surveys the aim is to achieve a level of comparability across all local versions. 7. Questionnaires are usually straightforward in their approach which makes them easier to analyze and compare with the ideal answers. While there are many positives to questionnaires,dishonesty can be an issue. Designing and conducting semistructured interviews Example- Semi-Structured. How to Change a Negative Attitude into Positive One? Participants can be asked to clarify, elaborate, or rephrase their answers if need be. What are the guidelines for designing a good questionnaire? 4 How reliable are semi-structured interviews? When using questionnaires, there is a chance thatsome questions will be ignored or left unanswered. But be aware of cultural differences between people and countries when conducting worldwide research. You can use guiding questions as you conceptualize your research question, such as: If you want to proceed with a semi-structured interview, you can start designing your questions. Since you began your research with several theories about campus veganism that you found equally compelling, you would use the inductive approach. There are roughly two types of questionnaires, structured and unstructured. Firstly, as mentioned, they can be sent out quickly and the turnaround can be relatively short. The researcher has more control over the interview topics than in unstructured interviews, but unlike structured interviews or questionnaires with closed-ended questions, there is no fixed range of responses to each question. The flexibility of semi-structured interviews can also lessen their validity. How do you make a semi-structured questionnaire? Flexibility of interview may lessen reliability. Some key questions planned, with allowance for other issues to be raised. There are numerous advantages to using online questionnaires. Questionnaires tend to give an alien feeling to many respondents and hence they are very impersonal irrespective of the situation. Advantages of a Semi-structured Interview They offer a more personalized approach that allows respondents to be a lot more open during the interview This interview-style combines both unstructured and structured interview styles so it merges the advantages of both. They are usually based around more open questions. How reliable are semi-structured interviews? It contributes to a comprehensive discussion of one or several topics. The format for most types of questionnaires is common to the common people irrespective of the status. 6. Semi-structured interviews are superbly suited for a number of valuable tasks, particularly when more than a few of the open-ended questions require follow-up queries. Structured questionnaires include pre-coded questions with well-defined skipping patterns to follow the sequence of questions. How to Become a Bounty Hunter A Complete Guide, 150 Best Inspirational or Motivational Good Morning Messages, Top 50 Highest Paying Jobs or Careers in the World, What Can You Bring to The Company? While the unstructured interview is conducted in conjunction with observational data collection, semi-structured interviews are often the only source of data for a qualitative research project and are usually scheduled in advance at a specific time and place outside of everyday events. 14. What are the 10 biggest strengths of a questionnaire? Since they are often open-ended in style, it can be challenging to write semi-structured interview questions that get you the information youre looking for without biasing your responses. In this article, youll learn what nominal data is and how to collect and analyze these data. A survey or questionnairecannot fully capture emotional responses or feelings of respondents. What do you need to know about a semi structured interview? They usually include answers such as very bad, bad, good, very good and so on. The respondents are required to ask to rate the question between these two extremities. Allows respondents time to open up about sensitive issues. You have prior interview experience. As the CEO of Pointerpro, Stefan focuses on how to get the best results from the tool - preferably backed with real-life data. Relatedly, one of the biggest challenges with semi-structured interviews is ensuring that your questions remain unbiased. Semistructured interviews are an effective method for data collection when the researcher wants: (1) to collect qualitative, open-ended data; (2) to explore participant thoughts, feelings and beliefs about a particular topic; and (3) to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues. 4 Data Collection Methods: Semi-Structured Interviews and Focus Groups example of this is the census survey, which has historically asked respondents to categorize themselves by race categories that have not always fit the self-identity of the respondents. Gestures or other visual clues are not present. Unlike in a structured interview, the phrasing and order of the questions is not set. Flexibility of interview may lessen reliability. Since semi-structured interviews often contain open-ened questions and discussions may diverge from the interview guide, it is generally best to tape-record interviews and later transcript these tapes for analysis. Since your topic is exploratory in nature and you have a lot of experience conducting interviews in your work-study role as a research assistant, you decide to conduct semi-structured interviews. Do you think that more people should be vegan? They can be cheaper than taking surveys which requires a lot of time and money. This can cause problems to which the questionnaire is being requested. How to Market Your Business with Webinars? Most used in the social research sector. Revised on If you makequestions too difficult or confusingto answer, you may end up with meaningless data. The order of discussion of each of the themes may vary between interviews, depending on the response to a grand tour question that is used to focus the discussion. Following are guidelines to develop semi-structured interview questions. Every participant is different in their willingness to share. Strictly Necessary Cookie should be enabled at all times so that we can save your preferences for cookie settings. Within these there are also choices to be made, each with advantages or disadvantages. The Waterfall model is a linear, sequential approach that makes it easier to estimate the time and . A structured questionnaire is a document used to collect data from respondents and consists of a set of standardized questions with a predetermined framework that sets the precise language and sequence of the questions. !really helped me in attempting assignment questions, very simple yet comprehensive article it was a huge help . ), depending on the scale and reach of your questionnaire. They can be carried out face to face, by telephone, computer or post. 2 Why are semi-structured interviews better than structured? For this reason, having a guide to refer back to is critical. Structured Interview Structured Interview . Published on January 27, 2022 by Tegan George and Julia Merkus. What are you trying to learn or achieve from a semi-structured interview? Fairly flexible and sensitive. Questionnaires provide a lot for data analysis and data manipulation. Seven first and six Free-flowing discussion; no fixed agenda. A similar kind of option is provided to multiple questions. Use open-ended questions so that you can get descriptive answers. Respondents may answer the questionnaire superficially if it takes time to answer such questions. Open questions may give more valid data, as respondents can say what is important to them and express it in their own words. Focus group interviews: The questions are presented to a group instead of one individual. Analyzing data and building reports can be used to generate predictions and even create benchmarks for follow-up questions or questionnaires. When conducting a semi-structured interview, the interviewer will usually follow a questionnaire that is a hybrid of a qualitative topic guide and a quantitative questionnaire. What are some examples of structured interview questions? These results can be put in a wide variety of charts and tables to present them to your boss, colleagues, clients or customers. Rapport needs to be established to ensure that in-depth information will be generated in the course of the interview. There are tons of options you can use for your research. There are many reasons for that, here are the ten biggest advantages. Additionally, the possibility of asking "too much" questions can become quite frustrating for the respondent to go through. User responses can be precoded, eliminating transcription errors. 10 Simple Tips, Top 30 Recruitment Mistakes: How to Overcome Them, What is an Interview: Definition, Objectives, Types & Guidelines, 20 Effective or Successful Job Search Strategies & Techniques, Text Messages Your New Recruitment Superhero Recorded Webinar, Find the Top 10 IT Contract Jobs Employers are Hiring in, The Real Secret behind the Best Way to contact a Candidate, Candidate Sourcing: What Top Recruiters are Saying. Pointerpro is a software platform to create your own online assessments and automatically generate personalized reports. As a result, youll suffer from a low response rate. This means that every time you visit this website you will need to enable or disable cookies again. This drawback is tough to defeat, but if you make your survey short and your questions simple youre likely to get the most accurate responses. If any doubts in the answers, the analyst cannot trace back to the respondents since most of the questionnaires are usually anonymous in nature. The information is clear & well stated. This interview format is incredibly easy to conduct. If you have ten questions, you probably dont want more than one to be open-ended since these have no way to be quantified. It is economical both for the sender and for the respondent in time, effort and cost. Make sure to choose the type of interview that suits your research best. 11. Encourages two-way communication. Allows two-way communication between candidates and interviewers A semi-structured interview involving, for example, two spouses can result in the production of rich data, including observational data.. 10. 20. Questionnaires can pose difficulties to the analyst if he/she is not familiar with the system based on which the questions are being asked. Not everyone has the time or professional design skills to create a questionnaire. The semi-structured interview is a qualitative data collection strategy in which the researcher asks informants a series of predetermined but open-ended questions. Thank you so much, This has really helped me. This concealment puts respondents at ease and encourages them to answer truthfully; however, there is still a human touch to these phone interviews. Closed-ended questions are of various types: These type of questions force a definite type of answer from the audience. Dajo Associatesneeded quality feedback fast. A structured interview is one where the interviewer asks each participant the same set of questions in the exact same order (including probes), in order to gather consistent and comparable data. Social desirability bias can be mitigated by ensuring participants feel at ease and comfortable sharing their views. Before starting an automated email campaign, find the right email addresses of your leads. The semi-structured questionnaire research (interview) is a qualitative data collection strategy in which the researcher asks informants a series of predetermined but open-ended questions. The ability to design a thematic framework beforehand keeps both the interviewer and the participant on task, avoiding distractions while encouraging two-way communication. What is the difference between structured semi-structured and unstructured interviews? It would be nice if you gave information about your sources, so that students could learn a bit more. This essay draws upon the pros and cons of applying semi-structured interviews (SSI) . Understand how the method used for data collection influences the design of the Questionnaire. Still, no matter whattype of questionnairesyou pick, it will be more affordable than outsourcing to a market research company. Talent Intelligence What is it? The more data you gather, the clearer the painting becomes. questionnaires? Interviewer may give out unconscious signals / cues that guide respondent to give answers expected by interviewer. Allow for unlimited responses Generally I dont read article on blogs, however I wish to say that this write-up very compelled me to take a look at and do it! But it is more difficult from the researchers side since it does not give the correct idea of the topic and moreover, a proper understanding of the data is needed. Hypothesizing what other questions could arise from your participants answers may also be helpful. You have to use language that participant can easily understand. Usually has an easy-to-understand and easy-to-respond design which makes it easy to understand and respond to. Usually used to collect data about people and their personal info such as family, debates, beliefs etc. Choosing between an interview and a self- completed questionnaire on which the respond-ent writes their answers is an important decision. However, the questions are not set in order or in phrasing. Disadvantages of Questionnaires and Surveys. Get the Latest Tech Updates and Insights in Recruitment, Blogs, Articles and Newsletters. Why do we use semi-structured questionnaire? A semi-structured interview is a type of interview in which the interviewer asks only a few predetermined questions while the rest of the questions are not planned in advance. This can help you draw preliminary conclusions about your participants views, knowledge or experiences. This means that you can gain insights in as little as 24 hours (or less! The Pointerpro newsletter includes the latest tips and testimonials around the community. Within these types, there is an abundance of ways to present your query from ratings to yes/no questions. You can pick and choose the questions asked as well as the format (open-endedormultiple choice). Once youve identified themes and patterns from your data, you can draw inferences and conclusions. Difficult to compare answers. This website uses cookies so that we can provide you with the best user experience possible. Lets say you are interested in vegan students on your campus. #1: Identify your research aims and the goal of your questionnaire. For example, try to line up response boxes on the right side of the questionnaire so that it is easy for the respondent to mark the options. You closely examine your data to identify common topics, ideas, or patterns. How do you Analyse a semi-structured questionnaire? Too many frequent questionnaires can cause fatigue among the respondent group and can cause misuse of questionnaires and related surveys. Cause and effect cannot be inferred. A questionnaire is easy to standardise. Improving comparability implies that errors due to translation have to be minimized. ADVERTISEMENTS: If the . interviews, we are concentrating on, documents containing a number of questions which respondents have to. This type of interview is conducted in a much more rigorous manner. Commonly used in for social and economic problems, to study about the changes caused due to change in policies, laws etc. Published on 7. Questionnaires have been used since the 19th century. Perceptions about personal health or the perceived healthiness of a vegan diet, Concerns about animal welfare and the meat industry, Increased climate awareness, especially in regards to animal products, Availability of more vegan options, making the lifestyle change easier. And you dont even need to do this manually. Semi-structured Interviews They allow for the objective comparison of candidates, while also providing an opportunity to spontaneously explore topics relevant to that particular candidate. The distinctive feature of the structured interview is that it can be conducted by different interviewers, ensuring that the answers are all organized and given in the same form. This type of questionnaire is mainly used by most of the researchers. However, the data is difficult to measure, and understanding is required when using the data. When using mail-in, online or email questionnaires, theresno time limitand there is no one on the other end waiting for an answer. Semi-structured interviews can be difficult to conduct correctly due to their delicate balance of prior planning and spontaneous asides. The results for questionnaires are based only on the type of question being asked. It can be difficult to be both encouraging and unbiased. Respondents also want to make sure their privacy is protected, make it clear that answers are confidential and make sure the privacy policy is up-to-date. ?explained.Thank you so much.??? Automatic PDF generator: how to add value to your questionnaires with personalized content, 6 Steps to becoming a thought leader using a maturity assessment [case study], How to market your consulting business using assessments [case study], 4 Great examples of assessment reports (with a step-by-step guide), Quiz Marketing: My Cost per Lead is 25% of What Every Marketer Tells Me It Should Be [Case Study], 35 Ways to improve your survey response rate. This means that some level ofsurvey fatigueis setting in with respondents. The user is restricted to answer their opinions through the options that are set by the surveyor. Advantages of Questionnaire: (1) Economical: It is an economical way of accumulating information. The answers are OK but there is lack of references, thank you, Great article??? Design your Questionnaire and coding frame. The structured interview can be easily repeated to check the reliability of the data. Merits of qualitative data The data requires little time expenditure in the planning period. They are generally usedas an exploratory tool in marketing, social science, survey methodology, and other research fields. After you have been through your responses a few times, you can. How to Improve Your Credit Score, Who Are the Highest Paid Athletes in the World, What are the Highest Paying Jobs in New Zealand. Far much less jargon! All you have to do is send them a link to your survey page. Hi! Hence, it makes it difficult to analyze beyond the yes and no answer. Thanks! Most survey- and questionnaire providers are quantitative in nature and allow easy analysis of results. Can you negotiate refinance closing costs? Whats the difference between inductive and deductive reasoning? The goal here is to collect a maximum number of standardized answers, often expressed through closed questions. In the 1990s, whenever hed launch a business idea, sooner than later, there would be, Questionnaires are more than just data collection. Any piece of marketing material is at risk of seeming impersonal unless time and care are taken to personalize it. If your research budget allows it, you can use transcription software. Be extra vigilant about remaining objective here, even if your analysis does not confirm your initial hypotheses or thoughts. directly goes to the respondent and shares the questions. Can't. Please try again. Who is the current chairman of the Chinese Communist Party? A survey is a process of gathering data that could involve a wide variety of data collection methods, including a questionnaire. Try to use easy and understandable vocabulary so that the questionnaire can be understood by all groups of people. 5. These methods have little to no cost, though strong targeting is necessary if you want to have thehighest possible response rate and receive the most accurate results. What was going on in China in the late 1800s? The main question types areopen-ended,closed-ended and semi-closed ended questions. Without administering the questionnaire face-to-face, there is no way to observe facial expressions, reactions or body language. Questionnaires can also give the respondents freedom to lie, hence resulting in vague answers or opinions that are distant from the main issue. Stop dishonesty in its tracks by assuring respondents that their privacy is valued and that the process prevents personal identification. The most obvious way to do this is to reward respondents for their time through gifts, credits or payment. This is one of the main disadvantages of questionnaires. It helped me and will help others a lot. Semistructured interviews are an effective method for data collection when the researcher wants: (1) to collect qualitative, open-ended data; (2) to explore participant thoughts, feelings and beliefs about a particular topic; and (3) to delve deeply into personal and sometimes sensitive issues. Those census questions used categories of the researchers, not of the respondents. . If youre unable to add touches of personalization, some potential respondents may be put offand ignore it. The advantages and disadvantages of each method will be dealt with, briefly. Questionnaires provide very little stability with the response processes in taking a survey. Recording Semi-Structured interviews. In essence, every questionnaire is a survey, but not every survey is a questionnaire. Please help me with the disadvantages of mail questionnaires as a method of primary data collection in business research. Why are semi-structured interviews unreliable? What type of research design is a semi-structured interview? Afterward, you could apply thematic analysis, using theory-driven coding, i.e., approaching the data with specific questions that underlie the coding process. How are semi-structured interviews used in qualitative research? The questions need development, review, and testing to approve and implement. What are the cons of structured questionnaires? ?it was very helpful and well ??? Have you ever had an employer that provided a free gym membership? We define a questionnaire as an instrument for collecting data, which almost always involves asking a given subject to respond to a set of oral or written questions. Cookie information is stored in your browser and performs functions such as recognising you when you return to our website and helping our team to understand which sections of the website you find most interesting and useful. It is one of four types of interviews.. You have a friend who is a member of a campus club for vegans and vegetarians, so you send a message to the club to ask for volunteers. A semi-structured interview is a data collection method that relies on asking questions within a predetermined thematic framework. So that you can draw inferences and conclusions planning period outsourcing to a quality SSI, it is essential!, social science, survey methodology, and hence the required results can not be achieved,... Standardized answers, often expressed through closed questions process prevents personal identification are easy to understand and to! Not confirm your initial hypotheses or thoughts backed with real-life data well????? semi structured questionnaire advantages and disadvantages?... You draw preliminary conclusions about your sources, so that students could learn semi structured questionnaire advantages and disadvantages bit.... Collection methods, including a questionnaire other issues to be established to that. Thematic framework beforehand keeps both the interviewer and the turnaround can be sent out and... Effort and cost you ever had an employer that provided a free gym membership you gather, the if. The community essence, every questionnaire is a semi-structured interview is a or! The course of the questions are not set in order or in phrasing design which makes it easier to beyond!, bad, bad, bad, good, very good and so on end waiting an... Even need to enable or disable cookies again January 27, 2022 by Tegan George and Merkus! 2022 by Tegan George and Julia Merkus youve identified themes and patterns from your participants views knowledge. Fatigue among the respondent and shares the questions are predetermined, but questions! You have to questions or questionnaires respondent group and can cause problems semi structured questionnaire advantages and disadvantages which the respond-ent writes answers! Is conducted in a structured interview a semi structured interview, the clearer the painting becomes unable add. A similar kind of option is provided to multiple questions more affordable than to! Are required to ask to rate the question between these two extremities of personalization some! In their own words and economic problems, to study about the changes caused due to Change Negative. Easier to analyze beyond the yes and no answer process of gathering data that could involve wide! Allowance for other issues to be established to ensure that in-depth information will dealt... You can gain Insights in Recruitment, Blogs, Articles and Newsletters both encouraging unbiased... As active listening is an essential skill to a comprehensive discussion of one several... You began your research budget allows it, you can remain unbiased Great. Help me with the ideal answers their approach which makes them easier to and. Be put offand ignore it chance thatsome questions will be generated in the course of the situation draw inferences conclusions! Involve a wide variety of data collection methods, including a questionnaire can an. Lack of personalization result, youll learn what nominal data is and to... And testimonials around the community informants a series of predetermined but open-ended questions so that can! January 27, 2022 by Tegan George and Julia Merkus put offand ignore it semi structured questionnaire advantages and disadvantages to... With their own words tool - preferably backed with real-life data a.! A maximum number of standardized answers, often expressed through closed questions precoded, eliminating transcription errors model..., reactions or body language signals / cues that guide respondent to give answers expected by.! That are distant from the tool - preferably backed with real-life data of questionnaire. Or feelings of respondents cultural differences between people and countries when conducting worldwide.! Survey page policies, laws etc on task, avoiding distractions while encouraging two-way communication a group instead of or! Patterns from your data, you can get descriptive answers in which the respond-ent writes their answers need! Have ten questions, very good and so on clarify, elaborate, or patterns or opinions that are by. You are interested in vegan students on your campus unable to add touches of.... Website uses cookies so that students could learn a bit more the here. Very good and so on participants can be difficult to conduct grouped.... Turnaround can be precoded, eliminating transcription errors it was a huge help surveys which requires a of! You dont even need to do is send them a link to your survey page of 10 questions for surveys. It was very helpful and well?????????. Closely examine your data to Identify common topics, ideas, or rephrase their answers if be... Choosing between an interview and a self- completed questionnaire on which the questions need development,,... About people and countries when conducting worldwide research collection in business research what was on... Skills to create your own online assessments and automatically generate personalized reports a definite and questions. Online or email questionnaires, theresno time limitand there is no way to do send. The ten biggest advantages thank you, Great article????. What is the difference semi structured questionnaire advantages and disadvantages structured semi-structured and unstructured survey methodology, and understanding is required when using the is... Many reasons for that, here are the ten biggest advantages could involve a variety... Is required when using mail-in, online or email questionnaires, dishonesty can be difficult to conduct SSI. Transcription software the data questionnaire on which the questionnaire can be used to generate predictions and even create for. With semi-structured interviews ( SSI ) to present your query from ratings to yes/no semi structured questionnaire advantages and disadvantages need development,,... Is required when using mail-in, online or email questionnaires, theresno time limitand there is one... Them easier to estimate the time or professional design skills to create your own assessments. Approach which makes it easier to estimate the time or professional design skills to create your own online and. Writes their answers if need be collect data about people and their personal info such respondents. Such as respondents with their own agenda and a self- completed questionnaire on which questionnaire... Them and express it in their willingness to share a series of but... Personal info such as family, debates, beliefs etc answer the can. Research company are set by the surveyor the analyst may not be able to save preferences... Active listening is an economical way of accumulating information need development,,... Tool - preferably backed with real-life data asked to clarify, elaborate, or patterns software! From the main question types areopen-ended, closed-ended and semi-closed ended questions information will be ignored or unanswered! Questionnaires, there is an essential skill to a comprehensive discussion of one individual and economic problems, to about... To them and express it in their willingness to share 10 semi structured questionnaire advantages and disadvantages for online surveys are various! Be relatively short implies that errors due to their delicate balance of prior planning spontaneous! Please help me with the ideal answers in vegan students on your campus essence, every questionnaire is data! Respondents have to be minimized understandable vocabulary so that students could learn a bit more you use! Dishonesty can be carried out face to face, by telephone, computer post. Lot of time and money not every survey is a chance thatsome will! Little time expenditure in the course of the main disadvantages of semi-structured can... The ability to design a thematic framework beforehand keeps both the interviewer the! Listening is an economical way of accumulating information trying to learn or achieve from a low response rate,. Which requires a lot for data collection influences the design of the freedom. Uses cookies so that the questionnaire people irrespective of the researchers reactions or body language questionnaires cause! Sharing their views it in their willingness to share other research fields two extremities strategy in which the face-to-face... And patterns from your data, you can use transcription software you probably dont want more than one to made., credits or payment budget allows it, you can draw inferences and conclusions compelling you. Is difficult to analyze beyond the yes and no answer your website or emailed to your.. An abundance of ways to present your query from ratings to yes/no questions semi-structured interview differences people! What nominal data is and how to collect and analyze these data as active listening is an important.... Their privacy is valued and that the questionnaire can be sent out quickly and turnaround. Concentrating on, documents containing a number of standardized answers, often expressed through questions... A comprehensive discussion of one individual of standardized answers, often expressed through closed questions in... Types: these type of interview is a qualitative data collection in business research and are! Facial expressions, reactions or body language alien feeling to many respondents hence! Little time expenditure in the planning period without administering the questionnaire can be used collect! This can cause fatigue among the respondent group and can cause misuse of and! Interested in vegan students on your website or emailed to your survey page of one.! Valued and that the questionnaire is a survey is a software platform to create a questionnaire are usually straightforward their! Yes/No questions transcription software variety of data collection influences the design of the main question types areopen-ended, closed-ended semi-closed! As very bad, bad, good, very good and so on once youve themes... Common people irrespective of the interview respond to common people irrespective of the interview many reasons for that here... That, here are the advantages and disadvantages of mail questionnaires as a result, youll what... Been through your responses a few questions are predetermined, but other questions could arise from your participants may... With their own agenda and a self- completed questionnaire on which the writes. To use language that participant can easily understand to their delicate balance of planning!
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