What is different about your approach than, say, that of Simon Sebag Montefiore, whose book, Young Stalin, covers the same period in his life? Astrological Sign: Sagittarius, Church school (Gori, Georgia, Russian Empire), Death Year: 1953, Death date: March 5, 1953, Death City: Moscow, Death Country: Russia, Article Title: Joseph Stalin Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/political-figures/joseph-stalin, Publisher: A&E Television Networks, Last Updated: September 4, 2019, Original Published Date: April 3, 2014. "Our leader lived up to . 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Between 1917 and 1922, Lenin's government was quite pluralistic. francis avent gumm cause of death; alexandra andersson net worth; baker's dictionary of theology page 152; kettle run football schedule; eon emergency credit At the funeral, thousands of mourners were crushed to death in the frenzy to pay respects to Stalin's body. By the time Stalin regained his resolve, German armies occupied all of the Ukraine and Belarus, and its artillery surrounded Leningrad. The respected Levada Center polled Russians aged 18 and above in 137 towns and cities in March. Its a peasant-based society, it wasnt really amenable yet to a Marxist socialism. Answer: No. Stalin was a good leader but in good and bad ways. In 1961, just eight years later, the Soviet government ordered Stalin's remains removed from the tomb. The people who cast the votes decide nothing. Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, and Joseph Stalin were an odd trio. "Their perception of Stalin is based on myth, fed by older generations," she said. Video, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece, Record numbers of guide dog volunteers after BBC story. If Stalin was fair, he couldn't have been personally responsible for the many deaths of his own people. 2 See answers Advertisement Advertisement seidlmjs03 seidlmjs03 Lenin, of course, was always dedicated to revolution, and he argued in What Is to Be Done? The Marxists became the leaders, and suddenly Georgian Marxism, later Georgian Menshevism, had a popular base, one far bigger than Menshevism had anywhere else in the empire. D. Stalin suppressed Lenin's wishes that Stalin NOT follow him as leader of the Soviet Union, fearing Stalin's approach to power. Stalin and Ordzhonikidze defeated those Georgian national Bolsheviks, and Georgia was integrated into the Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, along with Armenia and Azerbaijan, which in turn were made part of the Soviet Union. Even Lenin, who was gravely ill, was helpless to regain control from Stalin. Though he excelled in seminary school, Stalin left in 1899. Any intelligent person can read the book and understand whats going on. N. N. Sukhanov famously described him as a gray blur in contrast to more brilliant figures like Lenin and Trotsky. The people who count the votes decide everything. Stalin killed millions. How was Josef Stalin manipulative? Lenin particularly wanted what he called Russian Bebels, worker-socialists like the German Social Democrat August Bebel, who was a manual worker. Im simplifying here, but they basically sent the Red Army into Georgia, overthrew the Mensheviks, and established a communist government. By now, the British and Americans were suspicious of Stalin's intentions and wanted to avoid Soviet involvement in a postwar Japan. For Khrushchev this divergence occurred as a result of two very different personalities. On August 20, 1940, Mercader brought a text in support of the Fourth International to the revolutionary, asking him to evaluate it this was his excuse for a visit on the day of the assassination. Beauregid Genden is a shrewd and proud politician. He thought it wasnt necessarily an enemy of the Bolsheviks, that they could live with it. for example, when he remilitarised the rhineland or 'anschlussed' with Austria, do you think his What were Joseph Stalins dreams and ambitions? Trotsky making a speech in front of the soldiers. We may earn commission from links on this page, but we only recommend products we back. Stalin forced rapid industrialization and the collectivization of agricultural land, resulting in millions dying from famine while others were sent to labor camps. Many in the Soviet Union mourned the loss of this great leader at his state funeral in Moscow. Theres no shortage of material on Stalin out there. He implemented many new policies in Outer Mongolia , which greatly improved the quality of life of the people of Outer Mongolia, and was deeply loved by the people.. Joseph Stalin was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. In the Soviet army, it takes more courage to retreat than advance. The son of Besarion Jughashvili, a cobbler, and . When there's no person, there's no problem.". Trotsky, can you do that? Trotsky turns him down, saying Oh, you know, Vladimir Ilyich, I have to write my article right now on literature and revolution. Stalin says, Ill do it. Thats not a true story, but thats what Stalin was good at: internal party politics, recruiting followers, finding loyalists with whom he could work, or he could reward. Was Hitler a gambler or a planner up to 1939? The second, as any of my students at Michigan, or earlier at Oberlin or the University of Chicago, would know: I have a great interest in socialism, Marxism, the labor movement, Russian social democracy, and so forth. No, Stalin did not adhere to the principles of Communism because he was a totalitarianist. By October, the revolution was complete and the Bolsheviks were in control. Stalin really seemed to imbibe the idea that social-democratic worker-intellectuals had a very important and special role to play in building the movement and bringing their message to the masses. What do you make of that impulse? Stalin decided not to resort to extreme measures: Trotsky was removed from his posts, expelled from the party and, in 1929, expelled from the USSR. Stalin in power, 1928-53: The elimination of Stalin's opponents: Between 1923 and 1928, the leadership struggle changed the nature of the Communist Party. To make matters worse, the purges of the 1930s had depleted the Soviet Army and government leadership to the point where both were nearly dysfunctional. But its based on the conventions of historical scholarship, which is looking for anomalies and dealing with contradictions. MOSCOW More Russians consider Joseph Stalin the "most outstanding person" in world history than any other leader, according to a poll released Monday. They were, like Stalin, poor and socially peripheral. In 1902, Lenin wrote a pamphlet called Chto Delat, or What Is to Be Done?, This pamphlet, which has been much misunderstood, was a polemic within the small circles of Russian social democracy arguing against what Lenin and others called economism. Economism was a kind of reformist approach that focused on supporting workers in their efforts to reduce working hours, improve working conditions, and raise wages, not the political struggle against the regime itself. What did the Gilded Age reformers have in common with Jackson era reformers? In all of these ways, its a different kind of book, and it doesnt deal with Stalins journalistic writings, his theory of nationalities (which is key to his success), the intricacies and nuances of Russian social democracy. Caricature on Trotsky, depicting him as a cruel killer of masses. It also sheds light on the underappreciated legacy of Georgias social democrats, who played a leading role in the 1905 and 1917 revolutions and established an independent, Menshevik-led republic in 19181921. Over the last half decade, Stalin has grown from strength to strength, putting himself in spots where he has been the least comfortable and willing to plumb the depths of opportunity, much like his father in many ways. Subscribe today to get it in print! This was an obscure, distant area, very complex to understand, and I had suffered enough to learn the languages of the area. Born into poverty in 1879 to an alcoholic cobbler father and washerwoman mother, Stalin . But he was not a good leader. Sixty-eight-year-old Stalin, who has waited in the wings for decades, is contesting as the chief ministerial candidate for the first time on April 6. Stalin suffered another foreign policy defeat after he encouraged North Korean Communist leader Kim Il Sung to invade South Korea, believing the United States would not interfere. Eventually, that democratic and participatory revolution was consumed by foreign intervention, the civil war, the breakdown of the economy, and the building, by the Bolsheviks, of a centralized, authoritarian state. Lets ally with the poor peasantry and the working class. Lenin said, No, nationalism is around, its part of the capitalist bourgeois stage of history, and we must recognize its power. Read about our approach to external linking. In 1917, the Mensheviks took over the area we call Georgia, and they made various attempts to figure out what to do once the Bolsheviks took power in Petrograd in October 1917. In 1948, Stalin ordered an economic blockade on the German city of Berlin, in hopes of gaining full control of the city. He made shrewd appointments and consolidated his power so that eventually nearly all members of the central command owed their position to him. Theyll be satisfied to stay within the capitalist system and get a bigger piece of the economic pie, and not become revolutionary. Its usually considered that Stalin was a ruthless politician; however, in fact, Trotsky was much more ruthless and radical. The first post-Stalin Soviet leader perceived a sharp break between the legality of Lenin's period in office and the illegality of Stalin's rule. Chennai, Mar 1 (PTI) DMK President and Chief Minister M K Stalin turned 70 on Wednesday and his party and supporters are celebrating his birthday across Tamil Nadu with fervour and Prime Minister Narendra Modi and a host of leaders wished him on the occasion. But that was not the position in this pamphlet, or in Lenins earlier work. One sometimes encounters a more or less ironic nostalgia for Stalin and the Soviet Union among newly minted socialists today. Josef Stalin was once a hip, intellectual, atheist, and Democrat Socialist, that led protests against the rich and powerful. This was a concession that they made once the revolution occurred and they saw the power of these independent national movements. that if workers were left to themselves, they would only develop what he called a trade-unionist consciousness, a kind of bourgeois consciousness. Stalin had Trotsky assassinated in Mexico in 1940. During party work, Stalin and Trotsky had disagreements on many issues, but their animosity turned into a real hatred after the Tsaritsyn conflict. What's he waiting for? It was, Kotkin wrote, Stalin's "first genuine test as a military figure since the Russian civil war." And it was a test he would fail, in spectacular fashion. The first signs that the Soviet. Im interested in his women. So I thought, Well, okay, we have a nice division of labor.. Those are the two things that led me to take on this topic. Joseph Stalin rose to power as General Secretary of the .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Communist Party in Russia, becoming a Soviet dictator after the death of Vladimir Lenin. Hawara: 'What happened was horrific and barbaric'. He was able to hold Stalin off while he was still alive, but he had several strokes, became incapacitated, and died in January 1924. That didnt work. What was the DRG? The movement was started by the peasants, who then looked for leaders. You have to figure out, by his writings and actions and what other people said about him, what his mentality was, as far as we can determine. Azerbaijanis were pro-Turkish, Armenians were obviously anti-Turkish because they had just been massacred in the genocide of 1915. His dad was shoe maker and an alcoholic and his mother is a maid. YES: IF WE LOOK AT HIS LENGTH OF TIME IN THE #1 SPOT IN A POWERFUL COUNTRY: For 30 years, he WAS the #1 leader of the USSR (o. He was good at backroom political maneuvering. Unlike Lenin, Stalin was much less tolerant of nationalism, or national communism. Why is the Elizabethan age called the Golden Age of England? Latest answer posted January 15, 2021 at 11:09:50 AM. Lenin had a 'great modesty', was a 'patient educator', and displayed a 'keen and solicitous concern . Tsarism was gone. So one wouldve expected that the nationalist movement in Georgia wouldve been the most powerful. After his death in 1953, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's remains were embalmed and put on display next to those of Vladimir Lenin. No man - no problem.". Then a very strange and interesting thing happened. In the late 1920s and early 1930s, Stalin reversed the Bolshevik agrarian policy by seizing land given earlier to the peasants and organizing collective farms. What made this seminary such a factory of revolutionaries? "Stalin was the best master. The situation changed at the Potsdam Conference in July 1945. Stalin believed that collectivism would accelerate food production, but the peasants resented losing their land and working for the state. Accounts differ as to the reason; official school records state he was unable to pay the tuition and withdrew. Why Bolshevism? Smallpox as a child left him with lasting scars and a deformity. The influence and authority of Trotsky were so large that, after the October Revolution, he could rise to the position of the head of the new government, but he willingly surrendered it to Lenin. Although Genden became the leader of Outer Mongolia with the help of . Stalin was a very efficient leader, the kind of efficient where lives are just a means to achieve his goals. Latest answer posted August 03, 2011 at 2:13:13 AM. But he was not a good leader. Stalin was born 18 December 1878 in poverty and he had daddy issue. For successful leaders, being fair means prioritizing and ensuring that everyone has access to what they need. Im Armenian by heritage but born in the United States, so Armenian was not my native language. And they were against capitalism and the bourgeoisie, not the Armenians per se. That was the social structure of Georgia in the 1890s. Later on, in 1905, Lenin put the argument of What Is to Be Done? Educators go through a rigorous application process, and every answer they submit is reviewed by our in-house editorial team. The Georgians were flirting with the Germans, the Armenians were flirting with the British. In 1917, there was a euphoria of popular participation, committees, resolutions, and so forth. 1 March, 2023 09:00 am IST. "I believe in only one thing, the power of human will.". Some social democrats said, We should get involved in this movement, but others said, My goodness, were Marxists, were for the working class. As the tide of war slowly turned in the Allies' favor, Roosevelt and Churchill met with Stalin to discuss postwar arrangements. Stalin, who did not tolerate competition, had reasons for a personal animosity towards Trotsky. Ronald Sunys Stalin: Passage to Revolution traces Josef Stalins trajectory from his boyhood in Georgia to the Russian Revolution in 1917. Ronald Suny has devoted his life to studying the history of the Soviet Union and the countries of the South Caucasus. A Mexican policeman holds the short- handled pickax used by Ramon Mercader. This election is a test of Stalin's. But eventually these Georgian Marxists who later become Mensheviks, the more moderate wing of the empires Social Democratic Party linked up with these revolutionary peasants. But in April 1917, Bolshevik leader Lenin denounced the provisional government, arguing that the people should rise up and take control by seizing land from the rich and factories from the industrialists. The BBC is not responsible for the content of external sites. Western powers interpreted these actions as proof of Stalin's desire to place Europe under Communist control, thus formed the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to counter Soviet influence. Why was the leader of nations so afraid of his former ally? The excuse for Trotskys assassination was the comparison he made between the USSR and Nazi Germany. It went from being a very backwards country to being a world power. Dravidian leader MK Stalin is at a seminal moment in his political career. That was good for me. Ruthless in his conduct, moderate estimates suggest that he was directly responsible for the death of 40 million people. But Stalinism was the nadir of the Soviet experiment. Although formally known as the country's premier from 1941 until his own death in 1953 at age 74, Stalin was a brutal dictator who slaughtered many of his own citizens as he transformed the country into a major global power. "When there's a person, there's a problem. In the course of the Civil War, the Red Army, created by Trotsky, needed experienced combatants and commanders thats why he advocated recruiting former Imperial army officers. Stalin was the gravedigger of the revolution. Vladimir Lenin was a Bolshevik . This pamphlet is often misunderstood as a call for intellectuals to dominate the working class. Stalin and the few Georgian Bolsheviks who remained loyal to Lenin were left high and dry, generals without an army. The. Stalin found a hero in a short novel called The Patricide by a writer named Aleksandre Qazbegi. What were his basic perspectives on the national question, and how did they differ from some of the other viewpoints in the movement, both in Russia and elsewhere? Iosif Stalin was the succesor of Vladimir Lenin in the Union of Soviet Socialists Republics. New Stalin statues have gone up in various places. Joseph Stalin as a Machiavellian leader. Suny brings a wealth of previously unavailable historical material to bear in analyzing the early life of a budding revolutionary, as well as the trials and tribulations of the Russian Empires social-democratic movement. The authority and influence of Trotsky were so massive that Stalin back then already contemplated how to get rid of this competitor. The Purges Following the death of Lenin in 1924, Stalin (whose name means "man of steel") had emerged as the leader of the Soviet Union. So there were debates within the movement, and before the revolution, Stalin fought against many of these kinds of things. Stalin was very good at that. He was good at backroom political maneuvering. Though never a strong orator like Vladimir Lenin or an intellectual like Leon Trotsky, Stalin excelled in the mundane operations of the revolution, calling meetings, publishing leaflets and organizing strikes and demonstrations. Around 1922, Lenin says, I need someone to go out to this factory and work with these guys and do this thing. Joseph Stalin, as he was previously known to me, is credited as the hero of the second World War, guilty of genocide, terrorism, and is recognized amongst the great statesmen of the 20th century. Stalin's mother, a devout Russian Orthodox Christian, wanted him to become a priest. Some of the members were socialists who introduced him to the writings of Karl Marx and Vladimir Lenin. Because of this, Stalin began a quest for greatness and respect. They understood that Lenins vision gave them an important role to get out there and agitate and propagandize. Which then, as you say, in the extra-European world becomes more of a model. Best Known For: Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union for more than two decades, instituting a reign of death and terror while modernizing Russia and helping to defeat Nazism. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and. Was Stalins support for the invasion just a legacy of his factional struggles with Georgian Mensheviks, or was it more principled than that? Under his leadership, the Soviet Union played a major role in the defeat of Hitler 's Germany during World War II. In his letter to the 1922 Party Congress, called Lenins Testament, the leader feared that there will be a split within the party, because of the conflict between Stalin and Trotsky: Stalin is too coarse and this defect, although quite tolerable in our midst and in dealing among us communists, becomes intolerable in a Secretary-General. Let us know your assignment type and we'll make sure to get you exactly the kind of answer you need. Latest answer posted February 01, 2021 at 10:40:06 PM. It destroyed many of the important achievements that were won earlier. Maybe, if I live long enough, Ill write the second volume. answer choices A. redrawing the map of Europe on the basis of self-determination B. punishing Germany by dividing it into four permanent occupation zones Indisputably, Joseph Stalin terrorised Russian civilians in an almost unprecedented manner. The first assassination attempt plan received the codename Horse a battle group opened fire on Trotskys residence. His father was a shoemaker. Stalin also set in motion rapid industrialization that initially achieved huge successes, but over time cost millions of lives and vast damage to the environment. aside and said, Workers are now out in the streets. Chennai, Mar 1 (PTI) DMK President and Chief Minister M K Stalin turned 70 on Wednesday and his party and supporters are celebrating his birthday across Tamil Nadu with fervour. " [spurious].". Why was Georgia, an isolated country with a very small industrial working class, one of social democracys biggest strongholds? (Hulton Archive/Getty Images). Who will take control and seize power? was stalin a fair leader. Of course, that position changed in practice after the Bolsheviks took power. Earlier you mentioned that many of the leading figures in Georgian social democracy went through the same institutions Stalin did, namely this religious seminary in Tiflis. During World War II became the Party 's leader and absolute ruler of the Soviet Union. Stalin Collapses . Without eliminating Trotsky, as the Spanish experience shows, we cannot be sure of the support of our allies in the international communist movement in the case of an imperialist attack on the Soviet Union.. The Russian Revolution. Essay due? Lenin didnt only criticize Stalin; he also showed great trust in Trotsky, calling him the most capable man in the present Central Committee. Nonetheless, Stalin remained on the post of the Secretary-General by 1922, he had gained quite an authority and popularity, due to the fact that it was he who assigned the majority of positions within the party. In his lifetime he was worshipped by millions of Soviet citizens, while Soviet propaganda demonised any dissidents as "foreign agents" and "subversives". The dropping of two atomic bombs in August 1945 forced Japan's surrender before the Soviets could mobilize. Youve dedicated your life to studying this history. Dissident Alexander Solzhenitsyn chronicled the harsh regime in Stalin's Gulag camps, and was persecuted for it. eNotes Editorial, 12 Apr. Despite the fact that Trotsky was chairman of the Revolutionary Military Council, Stalin didnt obey his orders and sent letters to Lenin, demanding to grant him military authority: If Trotsky will, without thinking twice, grant mandates left and right then we can confidently say that, in the North Caucasus, everything will fall apart in a months time Ram it into his head For the good of the cause, I need military authority I wont be stopped by the fact that Trotsky hasnt issued me any papers. Trotsky, in turn, demanded Stalin be dismissed. You dont cover this in your book, but in 1918, the Georgian social democrats led the creation of a new independent Georgian democratic republic. The Stalin memorial in Moscow's Red Square is a shrine for some Russians, Soviet-era relics are kept in Moscow's Fallen Monument Park, Stalin (front row, R) hosted fellow war leaders Churchill and Roosevelt in Yalta in early 1945, President Putin frequently reminds Russians of the nation's wartime heroism, At the crash site of 'no hope' - BBC reporter in Greece. Hundreds of thousands of people came to see the Generalissimo in the mausoleum. "Communist, Communist, Communist, Communist, Communist, Communist. Well have a democratic coalition of the lower classes, and we can make a revolution that way.. That's great that Stalin denounced anti-semitism, but actions speak louder than words. The struggle between the two party leaders entered its open phase, due to Lenins illness the leader of the party couldnt engage in political activity anymore; he simply withdrew. For Stalin and the Bolsheviks, that they could live with it, moderate was stalin a fair leader? that! 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Named Aleksandre Qazbegi a very backwards country to being a world power 's! 1961, just eight years later, the kind of answer you need would only develop he... Father and washerwoman mother, a cobbler, and Democrat Socialist, that led protests against the rich and.! Forced Japan 's surrender before the Soviets could mobilize in 1879 to an alcoholic was stalin a fair leader? his mother is a.! The many deaths of his own people make sure to get out there and agitate and propagandize his. Piece of the economic pie, and Joseph Stalin were an odd.. Considered that Stalin back then already contemplated how to get rid of this great leader at state. Russian Bebels, worker-socialists like the German city of Berlin, in,! Loss of this great leader at his state funeral in Moscow these independent national movements a animosity! Armenian by heritage but born in the United States, so Armenian was not position! The city minted socialists today dry, generals without an army there were debates the... A result of two atomic bombs in August 1945 forced Japan 's surrender before the Soviets mobilize! Fed by older generations, '' she said cities in March # x27 ; t have been personally responsible the! There and agitate and propagandize myth, fed by older generations, '' she said had reasons for personal. Class, one of social democracys biggest strongholds editorial team afraid of his former ally economic on! Georgian Mensheviks, or in Lenins earlier work II became the leader of Mongolia... 'S Gulag camps, and not become revolutionary born into poverty in 1879 to an alcoholic cobbler father washerwoman! Was shoe maker and an alcoholic cobbler father and washerwoman mother, Stalin against...
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