If a preference is unknown, specify the condition rather than referring to it as a hidden disability, which is vague and open to interpretation. People with albinism also are sensitive to the effects of the sun and are at increased risk of developing skin cancer., According to the National Organization on Albinism and Hypopigmentation (NOAH), there is debate over whether albinism is a disability, but it is often referred to as one because of issues associated with vision. Background: Autism spectrum disorder is a group of complex disorders related to brain development, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. Bipolar disorder often develops during late adolescence or early adulthood. People with OCD usually exhibit both obsessions and compulsions but sometimes exhibit only one or the other. Why is it often considered more PC to say "Hard of Hearing" instead? NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid language that may legitimize facilitated communication. Patients may exhibit eye movements and other involuntary movements. If the source is not available or unable to communicate, ask a trusted family member, advocate, medical professional or relevant organization that represents people with disabilities. This is increasingly tricky turf. NCDJ Recommendation: Blind may be used for people who have complete or almost complete loss of sight. Prior to 2013, subtypes of autism, such as Aspergers syndrome, autism disorder and childhood disintegrative disorder, were classified as distinct disorders. NCDJ Recommendation: It is preferable to use neutral language when describing a person who has a disability, simply stating the facts about the nature of the disability. Many feel that its never appropriate to use homebound or housebound.. It can be appropriate when used in a medical context, such as abnormal curvature of the spine or an abnormal test result. However, when used to describe an individual, abnormal is widely viewed as derogatory. Complications from spina bifida range from minor physical problems to significant intellectual and physical disabilities. Slurred speech without alcohol is linked to a variety of The word special in relationship to those with disabilities is now widely considered offensive because it euphemistically stigmatizes that which is different. Healthyplace.com has Avoid made-up words like diversability and handicapable unless using them in direct quotes or to refer to a movement or organization. The BBC and The Conversation both have well-considered takes on it. By definition, developmental disabilities manifest before age 22. People with addiction use substances or engage in behaviors that become compulsive and often continue despite harmful consequences, according to the American Academy of Pain Medicine. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to a person with albinism, rather than an albino. NCDJ Recommendation: Avoid using deformed as an adjective to describe a person. People with disabilities spoke out on social media about this, and long haulers now understand firsthand what some people with disabilities experience. Aging and exposure to loud noise may cause wear and tear on the hairs or nerve cells in the Use of the word dwarf is considered acceptable when referring to the genetic condition, but it is often considered offensive when used in a non-medical sense. NCDJ Recommendation: The NCDJ endorses The Associated Press style, below. In the second case, the answer is maybe. If the hikers blindness contributed to him or her getting stranded, making note of that fact is relevant. Also, according to NOAH, the term albino has been used throughout history in a hateful way; therefore many prefer the people-first term, person with albinism.. NCDJ Recommendation: Specify American Sign Language on first reference, capitalizing all three words. Other medical diagnoses associated with dementia include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Huntingtons disease, Parkinsons disease and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (previously known as wet brain). The phrase abnormal behavior reflects social-cultural standards and is open to different interpretations. AP Style: The only reference relates to hyphenation. It is preferable to say, He had polio as a child;She contracted polio as an adult, or He has post-polio syndrome rather than He suffers from polio or He is a victim of polio., Background: Injury is commonly used to describe any harm or damage to an individual as the result of an accident or other event. question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. AP style: Not directly addressed, although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations. Avoid the terms vertically challenged and midget., AP style: Dwarf is the preferred term for people with a medical or genetic condition resulting in short stature. Midget is considered offensive. This condition happens when a childs brain cant coordinate the muscles that enable speech. This is caused by the muscles that are used to create speech not functioning properly or to their best ability. Background: The phrased disabled people is an example of identity-first language (in contrast to people-first language). NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having bipolar disorder only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. Some prefer the term congenital disorder. Writing about disability is complicated and requires sensitivity a must for any form of journalism that involves people. They are frequently used by nonspeaking individuals and those with limited vocabulary to aid or replace oral speech. Psychoanalyst: A specific type of psychotherapist trained to work with both an individuals unconscious and unconscious mind. Background: The Oxford English Dictionary defines neurodiversity as the range of differences in individual brain function and behavioral traits, regarded as part of the normal variation in the human population (used especially in the context of autism spectrum disorders). The word was coined in the late 1990s. Help them exercise regularly. ear infection. WebFeeling Tired or Stressed. Triggers can be hard to predict, and they vary from individual to individual, but communicating the nature of your content builds audience trust. The Autistic Self Advocacy Network recommends not referring to Aspergers at all but to instead refer to autism or autism spectrum disorder. AP style: The style book urges avoidance of the term special education and suggests trying to be specific about the needs or services in question. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the disabled person or disability organizational spokesperson about their preferred terminology. Consider using people-first language, as in a person with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person. As always, ask the person which terms they prefer. In this guide, we urge reporters and other communications professionals to refer to a disability only when its relevant to the story being told. She experiences symptoms of psychosis is preferable to She is psychotic. He has a bipolar disorder is preferable to He is bipolar.. NCDJ Recommendation:Avoid using invalid to describe a person with a disability except in a direct quote. The term seizure is preferred when referring to the brief manifestation of symptoms common among those with epilepsy. Many prefer to be described as autistic, while others prefer an autistic person or a person with autism.. To become an interpreter, an individual must not only display bilingual and bicultural proficiency but also have the ability to mediate meanings across languages and cultures, both simultaneously and consecutively. It is a negative commotation. AP style: Although there is no entry for service animal, the style book takes note of the Seeing Eye dog trademark and says guide dog is prefered in all references. Those with dysarthria often slur or drag their words when they try to pronounce them. The Genome Research Institute offers comprehensive information about different genetic conditions, genetic testing and other pertinent topics. It is acceptable to refer to someone as deaf or hard of hearing. But what is relevant is not always clear. The association recommends using people-first language to describe mental illness in order to avoid defining people by their disability. slurred slowed hoarse stuttered rapid Depending on the underlying cause of your speech impairment, you may also experience other symptoms, such as: drooling Background: The Center for Inclusive Design defines Plain English as a direct style of writing for people who can read at a reasonable level. Chronic illnesses such as Parkinsons disease, diabetes, lupus or Crohns disease may fall into the category of invisible disabilities. Background: Tetraplegia, used interchangeably with quadriplegia, is defined as the paralysis of all four limbs as well as the torso. Congenital is not interchangeable with genetic, as a genetic condition is present from birth but a congenital condition is not necessarily genetic. AP style: The style book states that congenital disorder is acceptable and recommends being specific about the condition. But it should not be used when referring to a specific person or to a group of people with a specific condition. While caregiver and caretaker often are used interchangeably, they imply something different. For example, a person may be able to describe having low central or peripheral vision. For others who have a loss of vision, the American Foundation for the Blind uses the term low vision, which it describes as uncorrectable vision loss that interferes with daily activities. The foundation says that other terms commonly used to describe vision loss partial sight, partial blindness and poor vision are no longer in general use. Many dislike the terms because hearing impaired describes a person in terms of a deficiency or what they cannot do. Background: The Merck Manual ddefines vegetative state as the absence of responsiveness or consciousness in which patients show no awareness of their environment. Bipolar disorder used to be referred to as manic depressive illness, but that is no longer the case. For example, the National Center on Deaf-Blindness retains the hyphen. Electrical sensitivities are triggered by electromagnetic fields from electrical devices and frequencies. If Full Deaf, call them Deaf. The Registry of Interpreters of the Deaf has a searchable database of registered interpreters. Originally called falling sickness in English, the word has roots in Greek and Latin. Alternatively, it is acceptable to say that a person has had a disability since birth or was born with a disability. State the specific disability if possible. AP style: Not specifically addressed, but the style book suggests not using such terms without asking for an individuals preference. The term vegetative state is preferable to vegetable or veg, but it is considered offensive by some and is frequently misused. The type and amount of melanin your body produces determines the color of your skin, hair and eyes. The foundation also uses the term visually impaired, but some object to the use of the words impair or impairment when describing a disability. NCDJ Recommendation: The proper term for the disorder is Down syndrome, not Downs syndrome or Downs Syndrome. Conforms to AP style, which adds that in describing groups of people, or when individual preferences cannot be determined, use person-first language. Disorder is ubiquitous when it comes to medical references; and the same is true for special when used in special education, so there may be times when its appropriate to use them. Otherwise, paraphrase and use a more acceptable term. The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. Avoid use of Seeing Eye dog as Seeing Eye is a registered trademark of The Seeing Eye school in Morristown, N.J. Be aware that licensure and/or certification of service animals is a contentious issue in the disability community, so it may be best to refer to the federal definition. It helps people who want to read and understand information quickly. If you are going to use it in a quote, consider that decision carefully, as the word is particularly charged. AA is unaffiliated with any outside organizations or institutions and does not endorse, finance or oppose any causes. Background: Mental illness is an umbrella term for many different conditions that affect how individuals act, think, feel or perceive the world.. For more information, consult the U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division Disability Rights Section. Those with such disabilities often require lifelong or extended support. While those with Tourette syndrome often can suppress tics by focusing on them, the disorder also can be treated with medication, relaxation techniques and therapy. If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. Background: Prelingually deaf refers to individuals who were born deaf or became deaf prior to learning to understand and speak a language, according to Gallaudet University, a university for the education of the deaf and hard of hearing in Washington, D.C. Postlingually deaf or late-deafened describes people who lost their hearing ability after they learned to speak a language. WebHearing-impaired This term is no longer accepted by most in the community but was at one time preferred, largely because it was viewed as politically correct. Other terms are acceptable for those with some vision loss. 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